From" the Algarrobos of Peru "
By: White Jaziel Alexander Obregon and Mera Huamán
Carob is the most important forest resource has the seasonally dry forest (BES) on the north coast of Peru, its usefulness as timber and fuel, according to this archaeological studies, dating back to the first cultural manifestations of human civilization on the Peruvian coast for 4500 years, increasing use during the emergence of the great pre-Hispanic cultures in the area.
The English who arrived in the sixteenth century, as the story of the chroniclers, dense forests of carob found existing in the coastal valleys, being more dense and extensive in the north coast of Peru and it was they who called carob to this plant, because their mules ate the pods in a manner similar to authentic European carob, which is another species of Fabaceae called Ceratonia siliqua L. this name, carob, on the north coast, has remained until now and has prevailed over their original name in Quechua "Guarango" and Muchik "Ong".
Al founded the major coastal cities, at the beginning of the English conquest and its rapid growth during the colonial period, particularly as the city of Lima, the intensive use of firewood and charcoal as the sole combustible para cocinar, hizo que rápidamente se agotaran los bosques de algarrobos, primero de sus propios valles y luego de valles adyacentes.
Actualmente en la costa norte se pueden apreciar 03 especies de algarrobo ( Prosopis ), Prosopis purpurea , P. piurensis y P. limensis, sus poblaciones se circunscriben a los valles de los principales ríos que mantienen cierta humedad durante todo el año y comparten áreas geográficas de los departamentos de Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque y La Libertad (Vásquez et al , 2010), pudiendo encontrase ejemplares achaparrados en diversas zonas del bosque seco no muy favorecidas con la moisture.
Prosopis L. purpurea Vasquez, Drain & A. Huaman, characteristic of seasonally dry forest in northern Peru, mainly in the department of Tumbes, in the presence of some individuals in Piura, Lambayeque, this species has been identified so far as Prosopis affinis Springel, that because both species have their sheaths purple-purple color. The carob tree is a tree of 4-10 meters tall, twisted trunks of 30 to 50 in diameter, blackish crust cracked, spines axillary, geminate, 1 to 4 cm. long, whitish, lacking in some branches, leaves, solitary or in fascicles 2 to 6 per node, with 2 to 3 pairs of pinnae, rarely 1 or 4 pairs, the spine including the petiole, is 2 to 10 cm. long, accounting for about half the latter is cylindrical, ribbed, pubescent, yellow spikes, 2 to 15 cm. long by 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, linear pods, compressed, violet purple when immature, brown-purple when ripe, from 10 to 32 cm. long by 1.5 to 1.7 cm. wide and 5 to 7 mm. thick. Own the existing dry forest on the northern coast of Peru, distributed from the beaches near the sea, up to 400 m and from Tumbes to Lambayeque, where soils are mainly developed non-saline, 1.65 ms / cm, slightly alkaline, pH 7.08, with low organic matter content of 0.84% \u200b\u200band 0.042% nitrogen, regular 14 ppm phosphorus content and high potassium content of 654 ppm., is an endangered species, with few specimens, scattered between algarrobales formed by P. piurensis in Piura and Tumbes and P. limensis in Lambayeque.
piurensis Prosopis L. Vasquez, Drain & A. Huaman, is a species native to the northern coast of Peru and southern Ecuador, a major component of tropical dry forest existing in this area, their presence is growing from the town of Olmos in the department Lambayeque, becoming the predominant species to Tumbes in Peru, becoming the province of Machala in Ecuador, where the rainforest starts limiting its spread to the north. The carob tree is a tree 5 to 20 meters or more in height, long arms, procumbent or decumbent, trunk 0.3 to 2 m. diameter, when old ones are twisted with the crust cracked, blackened. Spines axillary, geminate, divergent, conical, white and small, from 2 to 2.5 cm. long, absent in most parts of the plant, by what appears to be unarmed. Leaves
herbaceous, pubescent on both sides, solitary or in bundles of 5 to 6 knots, with 2 to 3 pairs of pinnae, rarely 1 or 4; spine over 5 to 19 cm. long, including petiole, which is 2 to 6 cm., is cylindrical, ribbed, pubescent, yellow spikes of 8 to 15 cm. long, 8 to 10 mm. wide, solitary or in fascicles of 2 to 5, yellow pods, straight or curved, compressed, 10 to 30 cm . long by 1 to 1.3 cm. wide and 4 to 7 mm. thick, with the stalk from 1 to 2 cm. acumen long and curved, 1 to 1.5 cm. The carob tree grows mostly crumbly soil with low organic matter content 0.31%, low in nitrogen 0.0149%, medium in phosphorus, 13.8 ppm and high in potassium 683.8 ppm.
Prosopis limensis Benth in Hook, this locust was synonymized with Prosopis pallida (Humboldt & Bonplant ex Wildenow) HBK by Burkart in 1976 and has remained so until Mom et al (2002), a study morfotaxonómico-digital and the two species considered as independent. Is a tree 4 to 20 m. high, with twisted trunks, from 0.3 to 2 m. diameter, smooth bark and green - red when young, blackish-brown cracked, aging, drink globosa, with branches erect or decumbent. Conical spines, geminate, white, 1 to 3 cm. long, is common the absence of these in some knots, especially in mature industries, where the leaves form fascicles globose, unarmed, due to leaf curl on its own axis. The leaves are solitary or in bundles of up to 10 knots, with 2 to 3 pairs of pinnae, rarely 1 or 4 main rachis 0.5 to 4 cm. long, including petiole, which measures 0.5 to 1.5 cm., secondary rachis 1 to 4.5 cm., in both cases, cylindrical, ribbed, pubescent, yellow spikes of 5 to 15 cm long, for 8 to 14 mm. in diameter, solitary or forming bundles of 2 to 5 per node, yellow pods, compressed, linear, straight or curved, 10 to 30 cm. long by 1 to 1.4 cm wide and 0.7 cm thick rectangular or obtuse edges, with irregular constrictions, rugged faces, curved acumen, 1.5 cm. long. P. limensis has a clear distribution along the narrow coastal strip of Peru, from sea level to 1000 m and from Arequipa (Lomas Atiquipa) to Lambayeque (Olmos) and some part of the department of Piura in the north, naturally there is more to the south, or in Moquegua, Tacna or only some plants planted, it is likely that the limiting factor is the cold weather to the north is rapidly thinning, sharing certain geographic area is also booming P . piurensis , the limitation also means that climate is due to the higher temperature and humidity, to the north, ie P. limensis is more xerophytic, it goes beyond the influence of El Niño. The soils are moderately saline thrives with an electrical conductivity of 5.66 ms / cm and a slightly alkaline with a pH of 7.21, low in organic matter and nitrogen, 0.17% and 0.0082% respectively. Flowering starts in November and continues until December, the fruit is in March and April.
is vital to implement programs involving the conservation of this important resource to address and regulate their exploitation could allow significant income for families living in dry forests and benefit the resource.
0 comments:
Post a Comment